Ethical Principles - 3652 Words

The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to act on behalf of the interests of young children. The NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct offers guidelines for responsible behavior and sets forth a common basis for resolving the principal ethical dilemmas encountered in early childhood care and education promoting a commitment to integrity, veracity, fairness, and human dignity at all levels; nevertheless, further research and/or developments may change the current code and state of knowledge. NAEYC have a Statement of Commitment; however, isn’t part of the organization’s Code of Ethics; instead, it is used as a tool, for personal acknowledgement of an individuals willingness to†¦show more content†¦(Aspects of this principle do not apply in programs that have a lawful mandate to provide services to a particular population of children.) P-1.4-We shall involve all those with relevant knowledge (including families and staff) in decisions concerning a child, as appropriate, ensuring confidentiality of sensitive information. P-1.5-We shall use appropriate assessment systems, which include multiple sources of information, to provide information on childrens learning and development. P-1.6-We shall strive to ensure that decisions such as those related to enrollment, retention, or assignment to special education services, will be based on multiple sources of information and will never be based on a single assessment, such as a test score or a single observation. P-1.7-We shall strive to build individual relationships with each child; make individualized adaptations in teaching strategies, learning environments, and curricula; and consult with the family so that each child benefits from the program. If after such efforts have been exhausted, the current placement does not meet a childs needs, or the child is seriously jeopardizing the ability of other children to benefit from the program, we shall collaborate with the childs family and appropriate specialists to determine theShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Principles Of Respect For Autonomy984 Words   |  4 Pagesnurse to administer blood despite Mark’s refusal. This situation presents an ethical dilemma to the health professionals involved in Mark’s care. The ethical dilemma is whether to uphold his decision not to receive the blood and therefore risk his life or give him the blood to save his life despite knowing his religious status and beliefs. There are several ethical princi ples involved in this scenario. The ethical principles of respect for Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Veracity and FidelityRead MoreDomestic Surveillance And Ethical Principles1859 Words   |  8 PagesDomestic Surveillance and Ethical Principles Why do we neglect any ethical principles? According to the basics of utilitarianism, human deeds focus on common welfare. When we turn into spy’s and follow our family members, we hope that it will work in favor of our family welfare and common utility. We can compare home spying with domestic surveillance to show how ethical principles work in this area. â€Å"As a matter of fact, domestic surveillance focuses on potential crime prevention. On the other handRead MorePrinciples That Build The Foundation For Ethical Leadership761 Words   |  4 PagesThere are five principles that build the foundation for ethical leadership: respects others, serves others, shows justice, manifests honesty, and builds community (Northouse, 2016, p. 341). Treating others with respect means treating each person as if they are your goal, rather than just a means for a leader to achieve their goal (Northouse, 2016, p. 342). Respect also means allowing others to do what they do best; they are par t of the company for a reason, trying to pigeonhole them into doingRead MoreEthical Principles1475 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Ethical Principles in The Evaluation The term ‘ethical’, as I have come to apprehend it, is not just conforming to putative standards of conduct, but dealing with what is good or bad and with moral duty and obligation. Thomas A. Schwandt, a professor at the University of Illinois, notes that â€Å"while we can live in a world without standards and guidelines, we cannot live in a world without ethics.† Although, standards and guidelines have become prominent and are important guides inRead MoreEthical Principles1161 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Principles Paper Nadia Brown University of Phoenix Ethical Principles Paper Henrietta Lacks was born on August 1, 1920, in Roanoke, Virginia and she died due to complications of cervical cancer on October 4, 1951.She had been receiving treatment at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. At the hospital she was treated with radium tube inserts, which is said to be the standard treatment for cervical cancer in 1951. As a matter of routine, samples of her cervix were removedRead MoreEthical Principles1049 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily was never aware that such actions even took place. Even so, on February 1st, 1951, the day Henrietta Lacks walked in to John Hopkins Hospital, was the day we started looking at cell research a lot differently. Ethical Principles On August 1st, 1920, Henrietta Lacks, a black woman from Virginia, was born. When she was just 21 years old, she moved to Baltimore, Maryland. February 1st, 1951; Henrietta entered the John Hopkins Hospital to see a gynecologist, complainingRead MoreThe Importance of Self-Awareness in Counselling2351 Words   |  10 PagesSaunders (2011). First Steps in Counselling. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS BOOKS. P36) Ethics can be defined as a set of moral principles or rules of conduct. Ethical principles and stand points play a major role in the decisions and angles that counsellors make and take in order to give the best possible help to a client. Counselling and psychotherapy practices are governed by a set of ethical principles developed by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). They are as follows: Fidelity:Read MoreEthical Principles, Decision And Principle1792 Words   |  8 PagesIn making ethical principles, decision and applying them in this case study scenarios; there are approaches to ethical analysis in addition to ethical systems and principles that will need to be considered especially where power and authority become the main issue and principle. John Rawls (1957) presented an abstract procedure for deciding moral issues. He stated that â€Å"moral principles can be developed through inductive logic which is through moral judgments such as common sense, open mind, personalRead MoreThe Diet Of A Baby Girl Named IIce1825 Words   |  8 Pages IIce was well nourished and was beginning to develop more than normally. However, IIce suffered from permanent neurological damage due to prematurity and malnutrition. Ethical Principles The ethical principles involved include: Autonomy, Finality, Justice, Non-maleficence, Utility, Tolerance and Rationality. These principles can be applied to the case as a whole or to specific events that unfolded. In respect to IIce, non-maleficence was violated when she was in the care of her parents. Her parentsRead MoreAn Ethical Framework And Ethical Principles3227 Words   |  13 Pagestreatment for the patient whilst adhering to the applicable legal and ethical frameworks imposed. In order to achieve this the assignment will commence by critically analysing how an ethical framework and ethical principles can and should be applied to both the above scenario and more generally in paramedic practice. From this understanding of the underlying principles the assignment will next examine both the legal and ethical standpoints surrounding capacity and consent and analyse how these should

A Relationship Between Some Neurotransmitter Controlling...

Hypertension affects about 20 percent of the adult population placing a high burden on health care systems. CholinesterasesEC 3.1.1.7 and 3.1.1.8(ChEs)catalyze the neurotransmitteracetylcholine into choline and acetic acid, allowing a cholinergic neuron to return to resting state after activation. Monoamine oxidase E.C1.4.3.4 (MAO) is responsible for degradation of endogenous monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines. Nitric oxide(NO) is a gas produced in endothelial cells and platelets by endothelial NO synthase EC 1.14.13.39 (NOS). The aim of the present study is to find the relationship between some neurotransmitter-controlling enzymes and essential hypertension in recently diagnosed patients. Results†¦show more content†¦In classical essential hypertension both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures are high, but isolated systolic and isolated diastolic hypertension are also seen. Malignant or accelerated hypertension is associated with a rapid rise in arterial pressure and, if untreated, results in rapid end-organ damage and death(3). Obesity-related hypertension is an important public health issue. As the prevalence of obesity increases, the prevalence of hypertension with its associated CV risk will increase as well. (4) Cholinesterases catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid, a reaction necessary to allow a cholinergic neuron to return to its resting state after activation. MAO is the enzyme responsible for degradation of endogenous monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines, e.g. tyramine. Recently the cardiovascular field has focused on the role of MAO activity in the heart demonstrating the role of MAO-A as an important myocardial source of reactive oxygen species(ROS).(5) Depending on the concentrations of the available substrate, ROS produced by MAO-A are able to trigger separate signaling pathways leading respectively to cell proliferation and hypertrophy or apoptosis . Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas produced in endothelial cells and platelets by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). This molecule maintains basal vasodilator tone, inhibits platelet aggregation,Show MoreRelatedControl And Essential Hypertension Patients1013 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol and essential hypertension patients. It has been found that the WBCs counts (7138 ±1444) and differential leukocytic percentage of neutrophils (60.385 ±9.014),eosinophils (6.86 ±1.573) and monocytes (7.154 ±1.519)of patients were higher than those of controls. Table 3 and figures 1-3indicate the values of measurements of true cholinesterase activity in units/l in male and female patients as well as control. It has been found that there is insignificant decrease between the mean ofRead MoreModule Quizzes Essay14245 Words   |  57 Pagesyour issue? â€Å"Have an issue† What days does this class meet? Never. It’s all on-line A student has missed 5 modules and asks Dr. Pozos to open those modules. The student has no excuse, but that she got caught up in the drama of life -the relationship broke up. The student reports this problem to Dr. Pozos 7 days after missing the 5th module. Dr. Pozos will? Not open them up due to the long time since the incident occurred What initially determines the value of the output? Controller WhichRead MoreSocm Study Guide Essay30404 Words   |  122 Pagesand movement. Refers to all chemical operations under way in the body. Define Anatomy and physiology, and describe the various specialties within each discipline Anatomy – the study of internal and external structures and the physical relationship between body parts. Physiology – the study of how living organisms p0erform the vital functions. Microscopic Anatomy – study of structures that can not be seen by the naked eye. Cytology – analyzes the internal structure of individual cells

Red Bull GmbH Austria Based Company Established in 1987

Question: Describe and identified market for Red Bull air race, relevance of the new identified market and outline of marketing plan for launch. Answer: Introduction Red Bull GmbH is an Austria based company established in the year 1987. It manufactures energy drinks and is presently a popular brand in the west. Red Bull is a successful company with massive growth in sales and volumes. Every year Red Bull organizes a series of air races known as Red Bull Air Race World Championship. In this race, the competitors uptake a challenging course which is supposed to be navigated in the fastest time. The task of the pilots is to fly individually through slalom courses and complete tight turns in the shortest time possible. The aim of the report is to prepare an event plan that informs about Red Bulls launch of its Air Race in a new city for the year 2017. The report will give a brief overview of the Red Bull energy drink company. It will be followed by the identification of a target market for Red Bull Air Race supporting with the relevance of the new market through literature review. The report will detail the event theme and design. Lastly, the report provides an outline for launching the market plan for conducting the Air Race. Organizational background Dietrich Mateschitz established Red Bull in Austria to suit western tastes (Quincey 2016). According to Brown (2013), Red Bull energy drinks offer functional benefit to the consumers who find the brand to be incredible fascinating. The popularity of the brand has helped the company to create a completely new industry that achieves a turnover of $4,235 million a year (Brown 2013). According to Kurz et al. (2012), Red Bull is a titan of the energy drink industry and is more recognized for its values than its products. The companys marketing strategies are highly innovative. It makes great use of social media and internet to attract buyers. The company engages in Ambush marketing where it invests its time, creativity, knowledge, and energy to achieve its goals (Young and Kent 2013). The company adapts to external and internal market changes by strategic management. The company sustains its competitive advantage by turning its weaknesses into strengths (Crompton 2015). Majaro (2013) believes that the strength of the company lies in its brand image, presence across the world and massive sales growth. The weakness of the company lies in its premium price system which is easily substitutable by other competitors. New competitors are emerging in the market, which may decline its market share (Quincey 2016). Red Bull has numerous growth opportunities in Chinese and Asian Pacific market due to common trend of this region to prosper. However, Red Bulls products lack alternative variant, which may be a thre at in long run (Kurz et al. 2012). Identified market for Red Bull Air Race Red Bull is excellent in event organization. It sponsors several events such as Red Bull Flugtag, Red Bull Racing F1, Cliff Diving and other sports events (Gerritsen and van Olderen 2014). The significant investment made in these events in turn fetches high turnover and profit. It offers a great opportunity for the organization to attract the potential customers through annual brand interaction (Mahroum 2016). The prime focus of this study is the Red Bulls Air Race. It is an international event where airplane pilots from different parts of the world compete to win the title of World Champion Race Pilot. In this race, the competitors uptake a challenging course which is supposed to be navigated in the fastest time. It is an effective marketing strategy tool to increase the consumer strength (Griffin and Pustay 2012). According to Masterman (2014) air race events are good source of generating high revenue with less expenditure such as building race airport or stadiums. The only challen ge in these events is the maintenance of safety issues (Taks et al. 2014). Red Bull is planning its next Air Race, which will be held in 2017. I am a part of the international events team for Red Bull, and I was assigned a task of selecting a new host city for the 2017 Red Bull Air Race. The market selected for this event is London (UK). My aim is to perform a detailed SWOT analysis and analyze contemporary issues that may influence the success of the event. A thorough literature review will be performed to justify the facts and relevance of the identified market. On the basis of the data analysis I will develop a plan for launching Red Bull Air Race. Relevance of the new identified market According to Brown (2013), the chosen destination for Red Bull Air race has impressive skyline. It can provide excellent accommodation facilities as world-class hotels and resorts operate in this city (Terpstra et al. 2012). This city offers diverse cuisine experiences and a relaxed setting for the visitors to view top pilots battling in the sky (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). London already has a legacy of hosting sports events and it stands out from other cities. The city offers excellent transportation facilities and waterfront areas. Over the year, the citys transportation system has developed extensively. According to Masterman (2014) 25% of the journeys in London constitute public transport and 40% of them are private services. Its public transport is a central hub for road, air and train transport for United Kingdom. London has several independently operating airports (Taks et al. 2014). British airways organize and participate in various sports events across the world. Such sp onsorships complement their current business objectives. My personal interest in selecting this new place is the availability of multi-year deals and enormous revenue generating options (Griffin and Pustay 2012). In addition, people in London have highly optimistic attitude and exhibit openness to change and enjoy their life, as they want (Obloj 2013). I believe that optimism is good for any work environment. According to Mahroum (2016), London has sizeable portion of prospective pilots. In terms of population, it is the largest city in UK. The city is highly influential in its political, cultural and financial aspects (Crompton 2015). The approach to business relation occurs quickly consuming less time for negotiation and decision-making. According to the Dr. Hofstede analysis London maintains a social equity and has no differences in power levels in society, organizations and not even in families thus it makes a stable society (Taks et al. 2014). This kind of society holds equal opportunities for everyone. Therefore, foreign companies mu st consider this factor in their business practice and try to achieve similar work environment (Brown 2013). London has high tolerance for uncertain circumstances. It can readily accept changes and face consequences of risks (Masterman 2014). This approach is fine as no one can control the future. However, one should not completely avoid risk management. According to Zarantonello and Schmitt (2013) people here show have to win attitude. Therefore, they are aggressive to achieve their goals and this reflects in the promotion process of the work place. This factor is highly advantageous to start business here (Schlegelmilch 2016). It should be an important quality of any work place. The work culture is highly pragmatic in nature and best in addressing future challenges by keeping multiple options open (Obloj 2013). Detail of event The strategy will be to create mass awareness of the race event and increase the sales of tickets (Zarantonello and Schmitt 2013). Websites and social media will be extensively used to convert prospects into clients of London. The websites will include a dedicated page containing profiles of the performers. In order to give the event a freshest look, I will ensure that the color schemes are trendy and I have hired a professional designer for this purpose. At every location of the Air race, a customized ready airport is required or need to build a race airport. I have already developed a strong resilient team to cope up with this development work. The aim is to design the arena in a way, which will make it a focal point of the entertainment. Visitors needing tickets at cheaper rates will be facilitated in General Admission Areas. People can enjoy the experience from selected viewing points in these areas. It also includes access to live commentary and video screens. These areas will be equipped with snack stores for refreshment of spectators. Red Bull Air Race plans to offer several different items to choose. These general admission areas will be subdivided into different sections for bleachers, visitors with unreserved tickets, or family. The merchandise shops at the event location will provide the visitors with souvenir of Red Bull Air Race (Majaro 2013). The race location will be designed to create a hangar view area to provide the fans with the opportunity to get glimpse of technical operations, race teams and airport operations similar to one made in Hungarys Red Bull Air Race (Mahroum 2016). The location of the race will contain multi-tiered grandstand similar to one arranged in Abu Dhabi (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). It will be designed to benefit the spectators with best view of the racetrack. The race experience will be enhanced with live commentary and will be supported with dedicated video screens to watch decisive maneuvers clearly (Zarantonello and Schmitt 2013). According to Mahroum (2016) London has sizeable portion of prospective pilots. Depending on the size of the participants, their accommodation will be planned. My Plan is to try something new with the 2017 Red Bull Air Race Event. I have planned to change the T-shirt designs for the racers. The race shirts will be completely new and have freshest look with trendy logo of the company and in coolest colors. The shirts will make every participant proud and more enthusiastic. The Air race event is not merely a business but to provide the client with lifetime experience through race. Outline of marketing plan for launch The possibility of an event to become successful depends on the strategic management (Young and Kent 2013). The steps to launch the event in London includes preparation of presentations say strategic marketing plan Stimulation of event launch brainstorms using the flashcards Use different combinations of flashcards (mix and match) Deal with the opposition from the stakeholders by explaining the benefits offered to the city by sports event Selection of best ideas and Launch of event (Zarantonello and Schmitt 2013.) Once the stakeholders are convinced of the economic benefits offered by the air race event, the next step is to generate an online race registration form (Czinkota and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013). I will make it sure that this process is simple enough and does not require accounts for users. It is a vital part of Red Bullss customer online experience. I will set the fees or charges after comparing the rates of top providers for race registration. At the initial stage, rigorous marketing of the event is necessary for promoting the air race event. The market segmentation includes areas mostly inhabitated by the sports professionals (Terpstra et al. 2012). Posters and fliers should be put up highly in the regions frequently travelled by the sports persons. If London is hosting any other race events then the plan is to email trade with those events by mailing the participants. It will be followed by the press release where the message for the target audience will be Go! Have wings (Mahroum 20 16). All the new pilots should be able to meet the eligibility criteria set by Red Bull Committee to participate in the World Championship. Strategic management is necessary for implementing the event plan. To achieve the set goals it is important to adapt to the changing trends in the global market. The implementation of the Red Bull air race event will include collating all the details from the planning stages and allocate all the collected resources (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). The next important stage is to win as much sponsorship as possible. The quality of the air race events in London can be enhanced by gaining products and services from local and national businesses. My next strategy is to benefit a charity and attract sponsorships (Zarantonello and Schmitt 2013). The crucial stage is to complete all the formalities and attain the required permits for air race event (Getz 2012). I would provide all the details of the insurance coverage to keep the company at a safe side. Hiring appropriate volunteers is the other major challenge. Other major risk area is safety issues. Air races have a possibility of accidents and disaster due to twists and turns of airoplanes. Therefore, all the medical arrangements and referral services will be well maintained. The primary source of havoc is the weather. In 2015, the race event in Chiba was highly disturbed due to high sea waves that caused a cycle of assemble and disassemble of the hangars (Clements and Casani 2016). I will lay a small team for monitoring racecourse till the day of event as well for monitoring the practice sessions of the pilots. Their role will be to maintain the safety of planes in addition to pre-race inspections of the equipments, hangars and arena (Obloj 2013). Conclusion The report has enhanced my knowledge related to Red Bull GmbH. It is the first company to come up with strategy of organizing sports events to generate mass media and increase its business. Red Bull Air Race events conducted so far in different cities have been highly successful and there is a hope that 2017 race event also turn out to be a remarkable event. Thus, the report has prepared a clear event plan that informs about Red Bulls launch of its Air Race in a new city for the year 2017. The report has enhanced my knowledge regarding various aspects of international marketing and business development. The weakness of the whole process is that the company has less control over the presentation of events such as poor performance of the pilots. However, such sports events offer great opportunities to Red Bull to attract potential customers through brand interaction. Moreover, the company makes a significant investment in the race events and in turn obtains high turnover and profit. Th e major threats identified while conducting such air race events includes chance of negative publicity due to cost over-runs and corruptions. The report has clearly described the Red Bull energy drink company and its background. London was identified to be the next target market for Red Bull Air Race supporting with the relevance of the new market through literature review. The report has clearly presented the details of the event planning. Lastly, the report has provided an outline for launching the market plan for conducting the Air Race. References Brown, K., 2013. Selling Energy: An Analysis of Red Bulls Marketing Strategies.How They Could Impact the Largest Swiss Watch Company, Swatch Group, p.4. Clements, B.W. and Casani, J., 2016.Disasters and public health: planning and response. Butterworth-Heinemann. Crompton, J.L., 2015. Potential negative outcomes from sports sponsorship.International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship,16(3), pp.20-34. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. Gerritsen, D. and van Olderen, R., 2014.Events as a Strategic Marketing Tool. CABI. Getz, D., 2012. Event studies: Discourses and future directions.Event Management,16(2), pp.171-187. Griffin, R.W. and Pustay, M.W., 2012.International business. Pearson Higher Ed. Kurz, T., Schaffert, S., Gntner, G. and Fernndez, M., 2012, April. Adding wings to red bull media: search and display semantically enhanced video fragments. InProceedings of the 21st International Conference on World Wide Web(pp. 373-376). ACM. Mahroum, S., 2016. Red Bull in Fuschl am See: A Special Place for Special People. InBlack Swan Start-ups(pp. 103-117). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Majaro, S., 2013.International Marketing (RLE International Business): A Strategic Approach to World Markets. Routledge. Masterman, G., 2014.Strategic sports event management. Routledge. Obloj, K., 2013. What Makes a Good Strategy?. InThe Passion and Discipline of Strategy(pp. 121-148). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Quincey, A.J., 2016.RED BULL: THE WIIINGS MIGRATION(Doctoral dissertation). Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2016. Segmenting Targeting and Positioning in Global Markets. InGlobal Marketing Strategy(pp. 63-82). Springer International Publishing. Taks, M., Green, B.C., Misener, L. and Chalip, L., 2014. Evaluating sport development outcomes: the case of a medium-sized international sport event.European sport management quarterly,14(3), pp.213-237. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. Young, J.W. and Kent, J., 2013.International relations since 1945. Oxford University Press. Zarantonello, L. and Schmitt, B.H., 2013. The impact of event marketing on brand equity: The mediating roles of brand experience and brand attitude.International Journal of Advertising,32(2), pp.255-280.

The Secret World Shopaholic Review Essay Example

The Secret World Shopaholic Review Paper Essay on The Secret World Shopaholic It would seem, can be witty book that begins with a letter and invoice from the bank? But no, can Meet Rebecca Blyumvud, young professional, writing articles about the finances of booklets funds probably handy practice of students in writing essays and other works on abstruse subjects, in which they know nothing about.. But it does not interfere with getting a good score for abstracts))))) Rebecca too damn thing does not understand anything in economy and finance, but it feels like a fish in water, in the London stores. Selfless love shopping (well, as you can indulge in rassprodazhnyh jeans or buy 2 funds from Clarins for divine beauticians with probes lipstick from Clarins do not just hand out) leads her to a financial collapse at the rate of one a personal budget. But the city is full of temptations, and banks so easy to produce a credit card a sin not to use it! And Rebecca enjoys indulging in pleasant trifles, and then gets a nasty dry letter from the bank manager who, without reading it, throws it in the trash We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret World Shopaholic Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret World Shopaholic Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret World Shopaholic Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer No, honestly, she was trying to save -. But we know how difficult it is, whether to blame her that she could not hold out for a week. on loans problems are growing like a snowball, but the heroine tries to ignore them, to get away from the problem, she runs from his evil genius the banks financial expert, which should discuss the repayment of its debt. But you can not escape from problems, and once in her life bursts into a nightmare her credit card void, exposing to ridicule in front of the store customers As Rebecca has solved this problem, I will not tell spoil the impression of the book . / p> between shopping trips, and presentations with free champagne (but why would they go, just for the sake of champagne?) Rebecca romantic snip off a hefty sum. But if she was not Rebecca, if almost hacked to death at the root of almost began a relationship In general, the book left a pleasant light impression and helped to rethink their attitude to spending -. This does sometimes need to be careful, in spite of marketers.

Free Essays on Savage Inequalities

In our society, one’s social class, race, ethnicity, gender and age all play a vital role in determining their health status. Social class is directly related to one’s health. The lower classes tend to have higher rates of mortality and disability. The low-income families, suffer from crowded living conditions, poor diet and stress, which all contribute to many illnesses. The middle-to-upper class families face fewer health issues, because they’re better able to afford proper health care. Race and ethnicity are another reason why minorities face many health related problems. African-Americans have higher death rates due to cancer, pneumonia, and diabetes. Racial tensions also contribute to medical problems of blacks. As in stress, it sometimes a result of racial prejudice, which causes hypertension and results in a high mortality rate (Schaefer, p.398). Gender is another critical factor in determining one’s health status. According to studies, women have a greater risk of illnesses, but yet live longer then men. Women turn to medicine for things like beauty treatment, birth, and such medicalization may contribute to a high morbidity rate(Schaefer P.398). With age come many illnesses. The elderly are troubled by arthritis , and many face visual and hearing impairments. They’re also more vulnerable to severe mental problems. Social class, gender, age, race and ethnicity all are important determinants of a individual’s or a social classes health status.... Free Essays on Savage Inequalities Free Essays on Savage Inequalities In our society, one’s social class, race, ethnicity, gender and age all play a vital role in determining their health status. Social class is directly related to one’s health. The lower classes tend to have higher rates of mortality and disability. The low-income families, suffer from crowded living conditions, poor diet and stress, which all contribute to many illnesses. The middle-to-upper class families face fewer health issues, because they’re better able to afford proper health care. Race and ethnicity are another reason why minorities face many health related problems. African-Americans have higher death rates due to cancer, pneumonia, and diabetes. Racial tensions also contribute to medical problems of blacks. As in stress, it sometimes a result of racial prejudice, which causes hypertension and results in a high mortality rate (Schaefer, p.398). Gender is another critical factor in determining one’s health status. According to studies, women have a greater risk of illnesses, but yet live longer then men. Women turn to medicine for things like beauty treatment, birth, and such medicalization may contribute to a high morbidity rate(Schaefer P.398). With age come many illnesses. The elderly are troubled by arthritis , and many face visual and hearing impairments. They’re also more vulnerable to severe mental problems. Social class, gender, age, race and ethnicity all are important determinants of a individual’s or a social classes health status....

A Complete Guide on a Persuasive Essay

A Complete Guide on a Persuasive Essay A Complete Guide on a Persuasive Essay You will hardly find a more common task, which is given to students of all academic levels. A persuasive essay is by right called the quintessence of college writing and can become your strength or a terrible headache. It requires a variety of skills: lexical and grammar knowledge, critical approach, ability to gather and analyze information, and much more! However, don’t think that it is impossible to write an outstanding persuasive essay if you lack some of these skills. Just go on reading and we guarantee that you will be able to write such an essay without any efforts. So what is a persuasive essay? It is a written task, which aims to persuade the audience that the author’s point of view is the most valid and informative one. The writer needs to not only explain the matter but also provide arguments and explain every issue, backing it with credible sources. Using logic and evidence is the key to a persuasive essay, so you should always spend enough time on a proper research. How to complete a persuasive essay In most of the cases, you will be given a persuasive essay topic, so take your time to understand it and decide what side you are on. You can make notes and write down your thoughts on the subject, deciding whether you agree with the matter or not. Don’t think about your tutor’s or classmates’ opinion: this task aims to show your personal approach and critical thinking, so it is crucial to provide original thoughts on the subject. You need to be ready that in most of the cases you will be given a controversial topic, which may stir up a hot discussion. However, you don’t need to be nervous and should concentrate on your arguments to be able to protect your point of view. Get started Any written assignment should start with a research. Especially when you need to persuade the reader to take your side! Make sure you have enough time not to do anything in a hurry and collect data from multiple sources. Remember that you should use only credible articles, books or websites. Your tutor may even ask you to redo the whole essay if you use forums or social media pages as the basis for your evidence. Once you have completed the research, you need to create an outline. Many students neglect this stage, considering it not important. However, an outline helps to organize your thoughts and your writing style becomes more structured and clear. You won’t have to wander from one argument to another, and will always be able to stick to the point. An outline of the persuasive essay Your outline should consist of three main parts, each of which can have a different number of subsections: introduction, body paragraphs and conclusions. As all of you know, the main purpose of the introduction section is to grab interest of the audience and make it go on reading. The best introduction always consists of three key parts: a so-called ‘hook’, definition of the audience and a thesis statement. The ‘hook’ is the part, which contains a catchy phrase, a fact or a quote to interest the reader. Then you need to explain why the topic is important for a particular reader. You need to give the audience a clear explanation why the subject matters. Finish your introduction with a thesis statement, where you state all the matters and arguments you are going to discuss in the text; Main paragraphs. There are no clear recommendations on the quantity of arguments and paragraphs you need to include, as everything depends on the topic and the word count. However, you should always remember that one arguments equals one paragraph. If the word count allows, you can also give a description of opposing ideas to prove that they are wrong; Many students neglect this section but it is equally important and summarizes all the points you have stated before. Your conclusions should contain information on the topic, the benefits it can bring and prognosis for the future. If the topic allows, you can provide possible solutions and why they are important for the society. Finish your persuasive essay with a call to action or a ‘hook’ sentence. Format of a persuasive essay The number of words greatly depends on your tutor but usually a persuasive essay should be 500, 1  500 or 2  000 words long.   You need to use readable fonts, for example Arial or Times New Roman, in 12-points for the text and 16-points for a title. The spacing should be double if other is not indicated. Structure: Introduction (the hook, the audience and thesis); Main paragraphs (paragraphs number 1,2,3 – topic sentence and evidence); Conclusions (summary, benefits, prognosis); Call to action. Topics of a persuasive essay Here is a list of topics you may use if you are given a chance to choose: How Trump policy can influence the democratic world; Should there be different classes for male and female students? Should teachers obtain grades from students? Is it ethical to keep animals in cages? Can secure cameras protect our privacy? If you want to cure yourself, write a personal diary; Availability of social communities for teenagers; Physical activity is good not only for health but also for mental abilities; Sports should be compulsory at schools; How sexual exploitation influences the world; How can science and religion coexist? Should we invest in space exploration? Who rules social media? Should IQ testing be compulsory to have a voting right and a chance to have children? Examples of a persuasive essay One of the most popular problems of completing a persuasive essay is that we don’t always have inspiration and proper ideas to complete an outstanding paper. In such cases, we only need a push and some help to see which direction to go. The solution is simple: you can download examples of persuasive essays and use them to get fresh ideas and understand how your own work should look like. Help with a persuasive essay There are different types of solutions for those, who need help with a persuasive essay. Here are only some of them: Writing services. Even if you decide to complete an essay on your own, you may still need help with proofreading and editing. Unfortunately, not all students can provide mistakes-free essays, so it is important to use services of professional writers, editors, proofreaders and managers to provide an outstanding paper. When you contact us, you get a full package of first-class services at a reasonable price; Essay samples. It is always important to create original and plagiarism-free content. However, not everyone has enough time and imagination. In such cases, we have created a database with examples to give you inspiration and motivation. Just upload examples and get all the information on the structure or topic you may need; Generator of the topic – when you need to choose the topic on your own, you may easily get lost among thousands of hundreds of ideas. Just go to our section of topic solution, indicate the essay type and choose the best topic immediately! Paper checker. For those of you, who are not sure whether they have completed an essay properly, there is a great solution. Our software allows correcting all the mistakes, including plagiarism, structure of the sentence, lexis, grammar, readability and much more! Just upload your essay, wait a minute and get a full analysis of your work. As you see, writing a persuasive essay is quite simple if you know all the rules and tips. Follow our advice and you will surely have a positive experience dealing with an essay of any kind!

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Leadership - Assignment Example ii) Nature of Work to be adopted by the student The student must give equal values to profit and ethics in his working activities in future. He should try to get maximum returns from the work done but should never compromise on the social and moral values in business. In the course of his professional life, the student must try to stay at the highest position in his workplace. He must claim to serve his employer (if he works for someone) or customers (if he owns a business concern) with his best efforts. These goals can easily be achieved by the employees if he suffices the above mentioned vision criteria in future. It is assumed in the assignment that the student here desires to start up his business in future which would be entirely owned by him. This simply hammers on the fact that through entrepreneurship, a person can use his or her knowledge to create services or products for the benefit of the common people with their best efforts. By choosing to be an entrepreneur, a person c an have a better control over his future, a better understanding about the differences between value and work, the scale and scope of operations can be altered most efficiently by an entrepreneur in business. An entrepreneur has the best scope for innovation and improvement in work and also gets the best opportunities to learn and improve from the mistakes. It has been observed in the real world that many high-ranked corporate firms in the market had begun harbouring thoughts and inspirations of a single promoter in business. Like Anita Roddik, the lady who was the founder of the popular luxury cosmetics company ‘The Body Shop’. Such successful stories of famous business personalities carves ways to encourage the youth to take part in new entrepreneurship. The development of any economy is not possible without the successful contribution of creativity and invention. Thus it is highly rational on behalf of the student to start up his own business so that he can contribut e his learnt to the development of the society and economy in future. It is rather assumed that the student with the best or decent leadership skills should take up his own business as it is the best possible task that he can adopt (Lafer, 1999). iii) Personality traits In the theory of personality development, the Five Factor Model states that there are five types of personality traits. These are conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, neuroticism and extraversion. The above vision, goal and the choice of work selected by the student clearly explains his personality traits. These are: Openness: as the individuals desires to set up his own business and explore the creative business skills in him independently. Extraversion: as the individual has the energy to reach the highest position in the business sector where he aims to reach. Agreeableness: as the individual realizes and gives much importance to moral and ethical values. He gives importance to social welfare. Conscientious ness: as the person tends to be self disciplined, he assures in his goal to work hard and efficiently in the course of his self owned business. The student asked his common friend Joe Parker to comment on the viability of the personal traits analyzed by the student. Joe Parker said that almost 75% of the analyses made by the student

Domestic Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Domestic Violence - Essay Example In recent times, reports show a wide estimate in their prevalence. In the US, it is affecting over 22% of the American women through their lifetime. Men are also falling subject to domestic violence however; in most cases, it is usually situational couple violence, therefore, likely to be physically unhurt. The following essay looks at the domestic violence situation to find out how wide spread the violence is in United States. It also looks at the current laws and initiatives put in place to counter the situation. Literature review One agreed upon definition of domestic violence are the willful intimidation, sexual assault, battery, physical assault or any other abusive behavior towards one partner by the other. Domestic violence in most cases leads to cases of psychological trauma, physical injury, and sometimes-even death. It is a fact that those women who are against violence in most cases they are often accompanied by controller comportment and emotionally abusive, which results to a systematic form of control and governance (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence 1). The NCADV fact sheet also contains a brief overview of the degree of domestic violence in the country. It states that statistically in every four women one is likely to experience or become a victim of domestic violence through her lifetime. ... The report also supports the argument that the cases of this abuse rarely goes to the police (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence 2). The US office of Justice is also concerned with the rise of unreported instances of domestic violence in the United States. Therefore, the department conducted various public researches on domestic violence and compiled a specific report on their findings in June 2009. The overview of the report starts with a statistical indication that between the periods of 1993 to 2005 the average rate of domestic violence per 1000 persons is 2.1 for men and 5.9 for women (Klein 1). According to the victims, the report narrates that a third of the victims reported actual physical abuse. Two thirds are those that are subject to threats by a physical attack or death. The rate of injury according to the study was over a half of the women victims. Most had mild injury marks with another percentage of about 4.5% having serious bodily harm. A percentage of about three faced sexual assault. The report also showed that women who had separated from the spouse faced a high chance of physical abuse than those who were still in their marriages. When it comes to reporting the cases and police arrest the reports shows that: a large proportion of the abuse victims tends to deny abuse contrary to the police findings and documentation. The research found that, around 29 per cent of the victims claim, there was no assault, however ironically the suspects in most situations admit to the offence with a disparity of 19 per cent (Klein, 5). According to a preliminary report by Manjoo for the U.N. special rapporteur on domestic violence against women, the poor minority together with immigrant women are

English Language Varieties Essay Example for Free

English Language Varieties Essay English has spread rapidly, even since independence, either as a first language or as a medium of education for non-native speakers (Platt and Weber, 2002). The actual range of varieties of English is much greater than is found in the British Isles. On the one hand we can speak of an acrolect or high status variety, and on the other a basilect or low status variety, with the mesolect occupying the intermediate position. These terms are usually descriptive of what is known as a post-creole continuum—that is the range of non-discrete varieties in a post-colonial situation ranging from the acrolect, which is generally very close to the standard language of the colonial power, through to the basilect, which structurally resembles a creole. It is sufficient here to characterise a creole as a mixed language, resulting historically from contact between speakers of different and mutually unintelligible languages. Creoles are usually associated with colonial situations and are generally assigned a very low social status. Basilectal speakers, who occupy the lowest position in a post-creole continuum, are often quite unintelligible to speakers of the acrolect. All speakers occupy a range on this acrolect—basilect continuum, which correlates closely with their social status, shifting along it according to social context in much the same way as British speakers manipulate linguistic variables. Of course, the extent of linguistic difference is much greater. Such continua have been described in Jamaica by De Camp (2001) and in Guyana by Bickerton (1995), and it is likely, we should note, that these studies will be of increasing relevance to an understanding of the sociolinguistic structure of ethnic minority communities in Britain. A detailed account of the structure and function of pidgins and creoles is not directly relevant here, but interested readers are referred to Todd (2000) for an introductory account of the social, political and linguistic issues involved. Although respectable Victorians were already reacting strongly against the prescriptive attitudes of the eighteenth century, the most extreme anti-prescriptive statements, as far as we know, are those made by some members of the ‘American structuralist’ school of linguistics. Bloomfield (1993:22) felt that discovering why ain’t is considered bad and am not good is not a fundamental question in linguistics, and he thought it strange that ‘people without linguistic training’ should devote ‘a great deal of effort to futile discussions of this topic’. Bloomfield was certainly implying that the study of prescriptivism was not of central interest to linguistics; he was thereby limiting the field of linguistics to a descriptive study of form and system in language which takes relatively little account of language as a social phenomenon. Some of Bloomfield’s followers have gone further than this and have attacked ‘unscientific’ approaches to language with missionary zeal. C. C. Fries (1997) seems to have equated traditional school grammar with prescription (which was by definition ‘bad’ and ‘unscientific’ in the view of structural linguists of the time), and in his book on English syntax he went so far as to even reject traditional linguistic terms such as ‘noun’, ‘verb’ and ‘adjective’. Fries’s work was directed towards the educational system at the ordinary consumer. Anxious to assure all his readers that their use of language was just as good as that of anyone else, he proclaimed that there is no such thing as good or bad, correct or incorrect, grammatical or ungrammatical, in language. English in Western Europe and America Although linguistic scholars would certainly dispute the details of this pronouncement, they have continued (for the most part) to assert or assume that their discipline is descriptive and theoretical and that they do not deal in prescription. In Western Europe and America most theoretical linguists would still affirm that all forms of language are in principle equal. As Hudson (2002:191) has put it: Linguists would claim that if they were simply shown the grammars of two different varieties, one with high and the other with low prestige, they could not tell which was which, any more than they could predict the skin colour of those who speak the two varieties. Although some evidence from work by social psychologists (Giles et al. , 2000) lends some support to Hudson’s point, we do not, in fact, know whether standard languages can be conclusively shown to have no purely linguistic characteristics that differentiate them from non-standard forms of language (the matter has not really been investigated). It appears to be an article of faith at the moment that judgments evaluating differences between standard and non-standard varieties are always socially conditioned and never purely linguistic. However, we shall later suggest that the process of language standardisation involves the suppression of optional variability in language and that, as a consequence, non-standard varieties can be observed to permit more variability than standard ones (e. g. in pronunciations of particular words). Thus, there may be one sense at least in which the linguistic characteristics of non-standard varieties differ from those of ‘standards’. Standard English: UK Variety In the UK, one vehement critic of the supposed malign influence of linguistics on English language teaching is John Honey (1997-2003). He has named an array of linguistic scholars (including—astonishingly—Noam Chomsky, who has never been concerned with educational or social issues), as encouraging a neglect of Standard English teaching in schools. This is an entirely false claim. It is true that there has been some opposition to the teaching of English grammar, but in our experience this has arisen mainly from the preference of lecturers for literature teaching. Far from discouraging ‘grammar’, university linguists have been closely involved in maintaining and encouraging its teaching. No one has ever opposed the teaching of standard English, and many of those named by Honey as ‘enemies’ of standard English have devoted much of their careers to teaching it—training students to write clear and correct standard English. Experienced teachers will not take kindly to an attack that simply appears to them as ignorant, presumptuous and pointlessly offensive. The linguist’s academic interest in the human capacity to learn and use language is not a threat to the teaching of Standard English, and it can be a great benefit. It does not follow from the educational necessity to focus on the standard that we should neglect to examine and explain the different norms and conventions of speech and writing, or that we should fail to acknowledge that standardised usage is most fully achieved in writing. Nor does it follow that we should neglect the fact that non-standard spoken vernaculars have grammars of their own. To investigate the structure of language varieties is an intellectual requirement that cannot be compromised, and which in no way contradicts the importance of the teaching of literacy in a standard language. Amongst other things, research on real language in use can help us to clarify and understand what standard English actually is and appreciate more exactly what its roles and functions are. We will not improve practical language teaching by ignoring such matters or by maligning those who study conversational speech and non-standard vernaculars as ‘enemies of standard English’. The authors of elementary books on linguistics, however, have usually been anxious to dissociate their account of the subject from that of traditional handbooks of correctness. As we have seen they usually dismiss prescription routinely, and assert that linguistics is descriptive. Their general point—that, if one is to study the nature of language objectively, one cannot make prior value-judgments—is frequently misunderstood, and it has sometimes called forth splenetic and misinformed denunciations of linguistics as a whole. One example amongst many is Simon (2002). In an essay entitled ‘The Corruption of English’ (2002), Simon blames structural linguistics and literary structuralists for an alleged decline in language use and for permissive attitudes to language: ‘What this is, masquerading under the euphemism â€Å"descriptive linguistics†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦is a benighted and despicable catering to mass ignorance under the supposed aegis of democracy. ’ His essay is outspoken and full of emotive language (‘pseudoscientific mumbo jumbo’, ‘rock-bottom illiteracy’, ‘barbarians’, ‘vandalism’, etc. ), and it betrays ignorance of what linguistics is about. To Simon, linguists are almost equated with some menace that is threatening Western (i. e. American) civilisation from outside. It is unfortunate that misunderstandings and misapplications of the American structural linguists’ teaching should have made it seem reasonable for anyone to write in this ignorant way. As many people still interpret descriptive linguistics as inimical to standards of usage, there has clearly been some failure of communication between linguistic scholars and the general public. One reason for this is that ‘mainstream’ linguistics has concentrated more on the abstract and formal properties of language than on language in its social context. Bloomfield (1993), as we saw above, considered that prescription was irrelevant to linguistics as a ‘science’. Yet some linguists have been directly interested in prescription. Haas (2002), for example, has pointed out that prescription ‘is an integral part of the life of language’. By refusing to be interested in prescription, he adds: ‘linguists only ensure that every enterprise of linguistic planning will be dominated by ignorant enthusiasts and incompetent pedants’ (Haas, 2002:3). Since Haas made these comments, some social and educational linguists have been very active in commenting on public attitudes and educational policies, and some have represented the subject on advisory committees. A general linguist, R. A. Hudson, is responsible for the Language Workbooks series, published by Routledge. Several relevant books on language variation have appeared, and linguistic correctness was the topic of the 1996 BBC Reith Lectures, delivered by Jean Aitchison (1998). In the USA much of the interest in language differences has been driven by public concern about the language of ethnic minorities. In 1997, the Linguistic Society of America published a document inspired by a controversy about ‘Ebonics’ (African American Vernacular English), which was recognised by the Oakland (California) School Board as a legitimate form of language. It ended with the following comments: There is evidence from Sweden, the US, and other countries that speakers of other varieties can be aided in their learning of the standard variety by pedagogical approaches which recognize the legitimacy of other varieties of a language. From this perspective, the Oakland School Board’s decision to recognize the vernacular of African American students in teaching them Standard English is linguistically and pedagogically sound.

On line tutor :: essays research papers

U Ottawa Online Tutor The following report is the report you requested on June 14th, 2005. It has proposal in regards to an online tutor database STS Consultant Firm developed to links students in need of academic assistance with potential tutors. Contained within the report is a detailed analysis of how the online tutor database benefits University of Ottawa and its students. In order for University of Ottawaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s School of Management to accept STS Consultant proposal to endorse advertise through the Schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s various communication channels. University must first understand all the benefits of online tutor database. Also, the report details challenges the University must consider before accepting the proposal. The report will also have a set of recommended actions that must be taken in order for School of Management to make full usage and maintain an online tutor database. I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your time and co-operation. If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to call me at (613) 262-2469 Online Tutor For University of Ottawaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s School of Management June 14th, 2005 U Ottawa Online Tutor EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It is recommended that University of Ottawaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s School of Management begin to advertise through the Schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s various communication channels. However, before the university decides to advertise it must begin by decided how to implement and maintain the website. In order for the online tutor service efficiently assess students, they will have to begin to implement the service to be online. Also, University of Ottawa (O.U.) will need to follow the recommendations in order to be able to successfully benefits the student. Advertise must be done to get the service out will be one of the steps that need to be taken in order for O.U. to successfully benefit the university, tutors and its students. The report will outline and detail the benefits of online tutor service, as well as the actions necessary in order for U.O. to successfully implement an online tutor system. Setting up an online tutor system enables students to search most desirable tutor on the database 24 hours a day. The database combined with todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s advanced technological tools to will help organize and service efforts. Student can create log in and search out tutors. Tutor candidate profiles can be viewed instantly in real-time, facilitating students quickly and accurately identify potential tutors to contact. With an online tutor service implementation time is required to setup and additional expenses maybe incur and website maintenance.

Italian Immigration vs Irish Immigration

This paper will contrast the two dominant populations of immigrants to the United States in the 19th and early 20th century. These two groups of immigrants were from Italy and Ireland. The reasons both of these groups immigrated to the United States are very similar, but their cultures were vastly different, and the marks they left on our society are still felt to this day. At the beginning of the 19th century the dominant industry of Ireland was agriculture. Large areas of the country were under the control of landowners living in England. Much of this land was rented to small farmers who, because of a lack of capital, farmed with antiquated implements and used outdated methods. The land was unable to sustain the population and many began to look for new lands to live. In 1816 around 6,000 Irish people sailed for America. Within two years this figure had doubled. Early arrivals were recruited to build canals and do other labor intensive jobs. In 1818 over 3,000 Irish laborers were employed building the Erie Canal. By 1826 around 5,000 were working on four separate canal projects. The peak of Irish immigration occurred in the 1840s, when half of all immigrants to the United States came from Ireland. Ireland had the highest population density in all of Europe during this time period, but the country was unable to sustain its citizens. This resulted in widespread starvation and difficult living conditions, and many Irish immigrants chose to leave their homeland and make their way in America. In 1850 there were 960,000 people in the United States that had emigrated from Ireland. The vast majority lived in New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Illinois, Ohio and New Jersey. The Irish Immigrant Society tried to persuade immigrants to move to other parts of the United States, but the vast majority were very poor, and had no money for transportation or to buy land. They therefore tended to settle close to their port of entry into the United States. One of the largest factors in the large numbers of Irish Immigrants was a serious disease affecting Irish potatoes, which ruined about 75% of the country's crop. This was a major disaster because over four million people in Ireland depended on the potato as their main food. The disease returned in 1846 and over the next year an estimated 350,000 people died of starvation and an outbreak of typhus also decimated the population. Despite good potato crops over the next four years, people continued to die from rampant diseases, and in 1851 the Census Commissioners estimated that nearly a million people had died during the Irish food crisis. The Irish food shortage stimulated a desire to immigrate. By the end of 1854 nearly two million people (about a quarter of the population) had immigrated to the United States. Another major factor for mass immigration was the political situation under British rule. Many bad political decisions made by the British, affected the quality of life of the Irish citizens and contributed to the massive disease outbreaks and crop failures. The dream of many Irishmen was the chance to own their own land. Freedom and a democratic government that promised a voice in their government also had a romantic appeal to the hordes of Irish Immigrants. Religious freedom was another important factor. Of course it was really tough for new Irish immigrants in the US, but they proved themselves to be a hardy and resilient group of people. Thousands of Irish laborers worked on building the railroads in the United States. Some were able to save enough money to buy land and establish themselves as farmers along the routes they had helped to develop. This was especially true of Illinois and by 1860 there were 87,000 Irish people living in this state. Other Irish immigrants became coalminers in Pennsylvania. Working conditions in the mines were terrible with no safety requirements, no official inspections and no proper ventilation. When workers were mistreated for trade union activity, they formed a secret society called the Molly Maguires. Named after an anti-landlord organization in Ireland, the group attempted to frighten mine-owners and their supporters. The group was not broken-up until 1875. The Irish tended to support the Democratic Party rather than the Republican Party. They had little sympathy for slaves as they feared that if they were given their freedom they would move north and threaten the jobs being done by Irish immigrants. However, on the outbreak of the Civil War general an estimated 170,000 men born in Ireland joined the Union Army, whereas only 40,000 were in the Confederate Army. One Irish immigrant, Thomas Meagher, became a highly successful general in the war. Before 1870, there were few Italian immigrants in the United States. Italy was one of the most populated countries in Europe and many began to consider the possibility of leaving Italy to escape low wages, high taxes and little opportunity to better themselves. Most of these immigrants were uneducated and from rural communities. From 1890 to 1900, around 650,000 Italian immigrants arrived in the United States, of whom two-thirds were men. Most planned to return to Italy once they had built up some savings, but many realized the opportunities that existed in their new country and sent for their families to join them. The earliest Italian immigrants to the United States were from Northern Italy, who became prominent as fruit merchants in New York and wine growers in California. Later, more and more immigrants came from Southern Italy and the communities and institutions they formed reflected the region's of Italy they came from. The main push factor for Italians was poor economic opportunities in Italy during this period, particularly in the southern regions, and pull factor of easily obtainable jobs in the United States. Italians settled in cities and often dominated specific neighborhoods, called â€Å"Little Italys†, where they could cooperate with one another and find favorite foods. Most arrived with little cash or education since most had been peasant farmers in Italy. They lacked craft skills, and therefore generally performed manual labor. With a strong interest in food, they became fruit peddlers and gardeners, and opened neighborhood groceries and restaurants that catered to fellow Italians. Most Italians found unskilled work in America's cities. There were large colonies in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore and Detroit. From 1900 to 1910 over 2,100,000 arrived. Of these, around 40% eventually returned to Italy. Willing to work long hours on low wages, the Italians now began to rival the Irish for much of the unskilled work available in industrial areas. This sometimes led to hostilities breaking out between the two groups of workers. Italian neighborhoods were typically older areas with overcrowded houses and poor sanitation. Tuberculosis was very common. Italian immigration peaked from 1900 until 1914. In the American South, Italian immigrants met hostility and violence, sometimes even becoming the victims of violent crimes from other immigrant populations who resented the vast numbers of them invading their communities and taking jobs and resources away. For Italians, like other immigrant groups, politics, entertainment, sports, crime, and especially small business served as ladders for upward mobility. Italian American politicians, however, were hindered by a lack of ethnic organization. Italian Americans achieved notable success in both classical and popular music. Italian Americans were particularly successful in areas that did not require extensive formal education such as sales and small business ownership. In conclusion, The United States has greatly benefited from the many contributions of both Irish and Italian Immigrants. They have been instrumental in helping to build the infrastructure of the United States during the 19th and 20th century, and both of their cultures have been woven into the basic lifestyles that most of us enjoy today. Reference www.latinamericanstudies.org/italian-immigrants.htm

Language Development Essay

The role of Language Development and its relationship to problematic behavior is pioneered by Stevenson et al (1985) as cited from Douglas (1989, p. 6-7) Michigan Non Profit Organization (p. 7). The study revealed that children who appears to have poor language capabilities at 3 years of age has a high degree of probability to express â€Å"neurotic behaviors† when he or she turns to 8. In relation with this, the study of Starte 1975 and Richman et al (1982) as cited from Douglas (1989) claims that one of the main reasons for poor language development may have been caused by poor act language stimulation and interaction at the household. As such, children with language disabilities find it hard to relate with people and in the long run develop challenging behaviors. Corollary with this problem is the issue of hearing loss among children in addition to their language delay. Such a disposition as claimed by Douglas has added a lot on the tendency of the child to develop challenging behaviors. What usually happens is that children get frustrated when their parents or other people simply can not understand what they want to happen. The improper functioning of their language capability and hearing has caused for misunderstanding amongst adults. In addition, traumatic brain injuries that resulted from accidents may also cause challenging behavior (Loenthal, 1998 as cited from Michigan Non Profit Organization, 2002, p. 7).

Requisitos del acta de nacimiento para Inmigracin

Requisitos del acta de nacimiento para Inmigracin Si le han pedido un acta  de nacimiento o debe presentarlo durante la tramitacià ³n de una peticià ³n o solicitud migratoria para Estados Unidos, es posible que sienta inquietud porque desconoce los requisitos que debe cumplir el documento. No se preocupe, este artà ­culo resuelve todas las dudas. Se aclara quà © informacià ³n debe contener el acta de nacimiento para ser admitido por las autoridades migratorias. Tambià ©n si debe estar traducido y/o notarizado y quà © hacer cuando es  imposible conseguir uno. Y es que si se saben las reglas no es complicado seguir sin problemas con la tramitacià ³n que se est gestionando. Antes de empezar, comentar que un acta de nacimiento se puede llamar en algunos paà ­ses certificado  o partida de nacimiento. En todo caso, es lo mismo y aquà ­ los tres nombres se utilizan indiferentemente. Situaciones para las que se pide un acta de nacimiento Lo cierto es que pueden ser muy variadas pero por lo general tiene lugar en tres tipos de trmites: cuando un ciudadano americano debe acreditar su nacionalidad es uno de los documentos admitidos cuando se ha nacido en Estados Unidos. Asà ­ se solicita una copia.para los trmites para obtener una visa de inmigrante (tambià ©n conocida como green card o tarjeta de residencia). Este requisito se pide tanto en los ajustes de estatus (I-485) como en los procedimientos consulares.Y, por à ºltimo, en la tramitacià ³n del I-9, para verificar que se es elegible para trabajar. Aunque puede suceder que se solicite un acta de nacimiento para trmites relacionados con las visas no inmigrantes, estos casos no son frecuentes. Requisitos del acta de nacimiento extranjero para Inmigracià ³n Es frecuente que las autoridades migratorias o consulares soliciten un acta de nacimiento a personas extranjeras como parte de la tramitacià ³n de peticiones o solicitudes. En estos casos, es  preciso presentar una copia del certificado emitido por otro paà ­s que debe incluir todos los siguientes requisitos: Nombre y apellidos completos, sin incluir inicialesFecha y lugar de nacimientoNombre de los padresSello de la autoridad que emite el documento como, por ejemplo, el Registro CivilAnotacià ³n de la autoridad que lo emite en el que se especifica que es una copia del original No se admite un acta de nacimiento emitido por el consulado o la embajada de un paà ­s en los Estados Unidos.  ¿Tiene que estar notarizado? Para casos relacionados con la obtencià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia (green card) el certificado de nacimiento no tiene que estar notarizado, ni certificado ni apostillado.  Adems, no es necesario el original, basta con una simple copia (el sello y la firma tienen que ser orginales). Para otro tipo de trmites, seguir fielmente las instrucciones sobre requerimientos, ya que pueden ser diferentes.  ¿Tiene que estar traducido al inglà ©s? Por à ºltimo, si el documento no est en inglà ©s hay que traducirlo. No es necesario que la traduccià ³n la realice un traductor certificado. Basta que la realice una persona con buenos conocimientos del inglà ©s y del espaà ±ol y que asà ­ lo afirme y se identifique en una declaracià ³n jurada (affidavit). Se puede seguir este modelo de carta. Lo que sà ­ es imprescindible es que dicha traduccià ³n la realice una persona distinta al beneficiario de la peticià ³n migratoria. Tampoco puede realizarla el patrocinador de una  green card.  ¿Quà © hacer cuando no hay acta de nacimiento o contiene errores? En casos muy concretos y extraordinarios no ser posible presentar el acta de nacimiento porque o bien nunca existià ³ o bien los archivos en los que se encontraba se han destruido o no es posible encontrar la anotacià ³n original. Incluso porque el registro del nacimiento no se realizà ³ durante el primer aà ±o de vida. Cuando asà ­ suceda las autoridades de inmigracià ³n permiten presentar documentacià ³n secundaria para probar el nacimiento. En primer lugar, hay que dirigirse al Registro Civil o a la oficina oficial que en la actualidad lleve este asunto en el lugar donde la persona nacià ³ y solicitar que se emita un certificado de falta de registro en el que se seà ±ale claramente que se ha buscado la documentacià ³n solicitada y que no se ha encontrado. Y a continuacià ³n se puede acompaà ±ar tal certificado de falta de registro con evidencias adicionales, siendo la preferida una declaracià ³n jurada de una persona - puede ser un familiar- que hubiera tenido conocimiento directo del nacimiento. Si no es posible, pueden admitirse rà ©cords como el de bautismo o incluso informes mà ©dicos o escolares. El Departamento de Estado publica una lista de documentos que pueden presentarse como evidencia secundaria de nacimiento y que puede cambiar de paà ­s a paà ­s, por lo que de darse el caso es recomendable consultar directamente con la oficina consular cuya jurisdiccià ³n se extienda al lugar en el que tuvo lugar en nacimiento. Informacià ³n especà ­fica para mexicanos en Estados Unidos Algunos estados mexicanos permiten solicitar el acta de nacimiento por internet. Estos son los pasos a seguir. La vida que espera como residente permanente Ya que muchos de los trmites para los que se solicita un certificado de nacimiento estn relacionados con una peticià ³n de green card es conveniente recordar que el  estatus de residente no es igual al de un ciudadano. Y que la residencia es, sin duda, un privilegio y, como tal, va acompaà ±ada de una serie de obligaciones que hay que cumplir.   Una gran forma de conocer los derechos y las obligaciones y asegurarse de que se conoce todo lo imprescindible para conservar la tarjeta de residencia es completar con à ©xito este test de respuestas mà ºltiples. Un modo fcil y rpido de adquirir informacià ³n fundamental.

Wars in the Former Yugoslavia

Wars in the Former Yugoslavia In the early 1990s, the Balkan country of Yugoslavia fell apart in a series of wars which saw ethnic cleansing and genocide return to Europe. The driving force was not age-old ethnic tensions (as the Serb side liked to proclaim), but distinctly modern nationalism, fanned by the media and driven by politicians. As Yugoslavia collapsed, majority ethnicities pushed for independence. These nationalist governments ignored their minorities or actively persecuted them, forcing them out of jobs. As propaganda made these minorities paranoid, they  armed themselves and smaller actions degenerated into a bloody set of wars. While the situation was rarely as clear as Serb versus Croat versus Muslim, many small civil wars erupted over decades of rivalry and those key patterns existed. Context: Yugoslavia and the Fall of Communism The Balkans had been the site of conflict between the Austrian and Ottoman Empires for centuries before both collapsed during World War I. The peace conference which redrew the maps of Europe created the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes out of territory in the area, pushing together groups of people who soon quarreled about how they wished to be governed. A strictly centralized state formed, but opposition continued, and in 1929 the king dismissed representative government- after the Croat leader was shot while at parliament- and began to rule as a monarchical dictator. The kingdom was renamed Yugoslavia, and the new government purposefully ignored the existing and traditional regions and peoples. In 1941, as World War II spread over the continent, Axis soldiers invaded. During the course of the war in Yugoslavia- which had turned from a war against the Nazis and their allies to a messy civil war complete with ethnic cleansing- communist partisans rose to prominence. When liberation was achieved it was the communists who took power under their leader, Josip Tito. The old kingdom was now replaced by a federation of supposedly six equal republics, which included Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia, and two autonomous regions, including Kosovo. Tito kept this nation together partly by sheer force of will and a communist party which cut across ethnic boundaries, and, as the USSR broke with Yugoslavia, the latter took its own path. As Tito’s rule continued, ever more power filtered down, leaving just the Communist Party, the army, and Tito to hold it together. However, after Tito died, the different wishes of the six republics began to pull Yugoslavia apart, a situation exacerbated by the collapse of the USSR in the late 1980s, leaving just a Serb-dominated army. Without their old leader, and with the new possibilities of free elections and self-representation, Yugoslavia divided. The Rise of Serbian Nationalism Arguments began over centralism with a strong central government, versus federalism with the six republics having greater powers. Nationalism emerged, with people pushing for splitting Yugoslavia up or forcing it together under Serb domination. In 1986, the Serbian Academy of Sciences issued a Memorandum which became a focal point for Serb nationalism by reviving ideas of a Greater Serbia. The Memorandum claimed Tito, a Croat/Slovene, had deliberately tried to weaken Serb areas, which some people believed, as it explained why they were doing relatively poorly economically compared to the northern regions of Slovenia and Croatia. The Memorandum also claimed Kosovo had to remain Serbian, despite a 90 percent Albanian population, because of the importance to Serbia of a 14th century battle in that region. It was a conspiracy theory that twisted history, given weight by respected authors, and a Serb media which claimed Albanians were trying to rape and kill their way to genocide. They we ren’t. Tensions between Albanians and local Serbs exploded and the region began to fragment. In 1987, Slobodan Milosevic was a low-key but powerful bureaucrat who, thanks to the major support of Ivan Stambolic (who had risen to be Serbia’s Prime Minister) was able to leverage his position into an almost Stalin-like seizure of power in the Serb Communist Party by filling job after job with his own supporters. Until 1987 Milosevic was often portrayed as a dim-witted Stambolic lackey, but that year he was in the right place at the right time in Kosovo to make a televised speech in which he effectively seized control of the Serbian nationalism movement and then consolidated his part by seizing control of the Serbian communist party in a battle waged in the media. Having won and purged the party, Milosevic turned the Serb media into a propaganda machine which brainwashed many into paranoid nationalism. Milosevic than gained Serb ascendance over Kosovo, Montenegro, and Vojvodina, securing nationalist Serb power in four of the region’s units; the Yugoslav government c ould not resist. Slovenia now feared a Greater Serbia and set themselves up as the opposition, so the Serb media turned its attack onto Slovenes. Milosevic then started a boycott of Slovenia. With one eye on Milosevic’s human rights abuses in Kosovo, the Slovenes began to believe the future was out of Yugoslavia and away from Milosevic. In 1990, with Communism collapsing in Russia and across Eastern Europe, the Yugoslavia Communist Congress fragmented along nationalist lines, with Croatia and Slovenia quitting and holding multi-party elections in response to Milosevic trying to use it to centralize Yugoslav’s remaining power in Serb hands. Milosevic was then elected President of Serbia, thanks in part to removing $1.8 billion from the federal bank to use as subsidies. Milosevic now appealed to all Serbs, whether they were in Serbia or not, supported by a new Serb constitution which claimed to represent Serbs in other Yugoslav nations. The Wars for Slovenia and Croatia With the collapse of the communist dictatorships in the late 1980s, the Slovenian and Croatian regions of Yugoslavia held free, multi-party elections. The victor in Croatia was the Croatian Democratic Union, a right-wing party. The fears of the Serb minority were fuelled by claims from within the remainder of Yugoslavia that the CDU planned a return to the anti-Serb hatred of World War II. As the CDU had taken power partly as a nationalistic response to Serbian propaganda and actions, they were easily cast as the Ustasha reborn, especially as they began to force Serbs out of jobs and positions of power. The Serb-dominated region of Knin- vital for the much needed Croatian tourism industry- then declared itself a sovereign nation, and a spiral of terrorism and violence began between Croatian Serbs and Croats. Just as the Croats were accused of being Ustaha, so the Serbs were accused of being Chetniks. Slovenia held a plebiscite for independence, which passed due to large fears over Serb domination and Milosevics actions in Kosovo, and both Slovenia and Croatia began arming local military and paramilitaries. Slovenia declared independence on June 25, 1991, and the JNA (Yugoslavia’s Army, under Serbian control, but concerned whether their pay and benefits would survive the division into smaller states) was ordered in to hold Yugoslavia together. Slovenia’s independence was aimed more at breaking from Milosevic’s Greater Serbia than from the Yugoslav ideal, but once the JNA went in, full independence was the only option. Slovenia had prepared for a short conflict, managing to keep some of their weapons when the JNA had disarmed Slovenia and Croatia,  and hoped that the JNA would soon get distracted by wars elsewhere. In the end, the JNA was defeated in 10 days, partly because there were few Serbs in the region for it to stay and fight to protect. When Croatia also declared independence on June 25, 1991, following a Serb seizure of Yugoslavia’s presidency, clashes between Serbs and Croatians increased. Milosevic and the JNA used this as a reason to invade Croatia to try to protect the Serbs. This action was encouraged by the U.S. Secretary of State who told Milosevic that the U.S. would not recognize Slovenia and Croatia, giving the Serb leader the impression he had a free hand. A short war followed, where around a third of Croatia was occupied. The UN then acted, offering foreign troops to try and halt the warfare (in the form of UNPROFOR) and bring peace and demilitarization to the disputed areas. This was accepted by the Serbs because they’d already conquered what they wanted and forced other ethnicities out, and they wanted to use the peace to focus on other areas. The international community recognized Croatian independence in 1992, but areas remained occupied by the Serbs and protected by the UN. Before these could be reclaimed, the conflict in Yugoslavia spread because both Serbia and Croatia wanted to break up Bosnia between them. In 1995 Croatia’s government won back control of western Slavonia and central Croatia from the Serbs in Operation Storm, thanks in part to U.S. training and U.S. mercenaries; there was counter ethnic cleansing, and the Serb population fled. In 1996 pressure on Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic forced him to surrender eastern Slavonia and pull out his troops, and Croatia finally won back this region in 1998. UN Peacekeepers only left in 2002. The War for Bosnia After WWII, the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of Yugoslavia, populated by a mixture of Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, the latter being recognized in 1971 as a class of ethnic identity. When a census was taken in the aftermath of the collapse of Communism, Muslims comprised 44 percent of the population, with 32 percent Serbs and fewer Croats. The free elections held then produced political parties with corresponding sizes, and a three-way coalition of nationalist parties. However, the Bosnian Serb party- pushed by Milosevic- agitated for more. In 1991 they declared the Serb Autonomous Regions and a national assembly for Bosnian Serbs only, with supplies coming from Serbia and the former Yugoslavian military. The Bosnian Croats responded by declaring their own power blocs. When Croatia was recognized by the international community as independent, Bosnia held its own referendum. Despite Bosnian-Serbian disruptions, a massive majority voted for independence, declared on March 3, 1992. This left a large Serb minority which, fuelled by Milosevic’s propaganda, felt threatened and ignored and wanted to join with Serbia. They had been armed by Milosevic, and would not go quietly. Initiatives by foreign diplomats to peacefully break Bosnia into three areas, defined by the ethnicity of the locals, failed as fighting broke out. War spread throughout Bosnia as Bosnian Serb paramilitaries attacked Muslim towns and executed people en masse to force the populations out, to try and create a united land filled with Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs were led by Radovan Karadzic, but criminals soon formed gangs and took their own bloody routes. The term ethnic cleansing was used to describe their actions. Those who weren’t killed or had not fled were put into detention camps and mistreated further. Shortly after, two-thirds of Bosnia came under the control of forces commanded from Serbia. After setbacks- an international arms embargo which favored the Serbs, a conflict with Croatia which saw them ethnically cleanse too (such as at Ahmici)- the Croats and Muslims agreed  to a federation. They fought the Serbs to a standstill and then took back their  land. During this period, the U.N. refused to play any direct role despite evidence of genocide, preferring to provide humanitarian aid (which undoubtedly saved lives, but did not tackle the cause of the problem), a no-fly  zone, sponsoring safe areas, and promoting discussions such as the Vance-Owen Peace Plan. The latter has been much criticized as pro-Serb  but did involve them handing some conquered land back. It was scuppered by the international community. However, in 1995 NATO attacked Serbian forces after they ignored the U.N. This was thanks in no small part to one man, General Leighton W. Smith Jr., who was in charge in the area, although their effectiveness is debated. Peace talks- previously rejected by the Serbs but now accepted by a Milosevic who was turning against the Bosnian Serbs and their exposed weaknesses- produced the Dayton Agreement after the place of its negotiation in Ohio. This produced The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croats and Muslims, with 51 percent of the land, and a Bosnian Serb republic with 49 percent of the land. A 60,000 man international peacekeeping force was sent in (IFOR). No one was happy: no Greater Serbia, no Greater Croatia, and a devastated Bosnia-Hercegovina moving towards partition, with huge areas politically dominated by Croatia and Serbia. There had been millions of refugees, perhaps half of the Bosnian population. In Bosnia, elections in 1996 elected another triple government. The War for Kosovo By the end of the 1980s, Kosovo was a supposedly autonomous area within Serbia, with a 90 percent Albanian population. Because of the region’s religion and history- Kosovo was the location of a battle key in Serbian folklore and of some importance to Serbia’s actual history- many nationalist Serbs began to demand, not just control of the region but a resettlement program to oust the Albanians permanently. Slobodan Milosevic canceled Kosovar autonomy in 1988–1989, and Albanians retaliated with strikes and protests. A leadership emerged in the intellectual Democratic League of Kosovo, which aimed at pushing as far as they could towards independence without getting into a war with Serbia. A referendum called for independence, and newly autonomous structures were created within Kosovo itself. Given that Kosovo was poor and unarmed, this stance proved popular, and amazingly the region passed through the bitter Balkan wars of the early 1990s mostly unscathed. With ‘peace’, Kosovo was ignored by the negotiators and found itself still in Serbia. For many, the way the region had been sidelined and lumped into Serbia by the West suggested that peaceful protest wasn’t enough. A militant arm, which had emerged in 1993 and produced the Kosovan Liberation Army (KLA), now grew stronger and was bankrolled by those Kosovars who worked abroad and could provide foreign capital. The KLA committed their first major actions in 1996, and a cycle of terrorism and counter-attack flared up between Kosovars and Serbs. As the situation worsened and Serbia refused diplomatic initiatives from the West, NATO decided it could intervene, especially after Serbs massacred 45 Albanian villagers in a highly publicized incident. A last-ditch attempt at finding peace diplomatically- which has also been accused of simply being a Western sideshow to establish clear good and bad sides- led the Kosovar contingent to accept terms but the Serbs to reject it, thus allowing the West to portray the Serbs as at fault. There thus began on March 24 a very new type of war, one which lasted until June 10 but which was conducted entirely from the NATO end by airpower. Eight hundred thousand people fled their homes, and NATO failed to work with the KLA to coordinate things on the ground. This air war progressed ineffectually for NATO until they finally accepted that they would need ground troops, and went about getting them ready- and until Russia agreed to force Serbia to concede. Quite which one of these was the most important is still up for debate. Serbia was to pull all its troops and police (who were largely Serb) out of Kosovo, and the KLA was to disarm. A force of peacekeepers dubbed KFOR would police the region, which was to have full autonomy inside Serbia. The Myths of Bosnia There is a myth, widely spread during the wars of the former Yugoslavia and still around now, that Bosnia was a modern creation with no history, and that fighting for it was wrong (in as much as the western and international powers did fight for it). Bosnia was a medieval kingdom under a monarchy founded in the 13th century. It survived until the Ottomans conquered it in the 15th century. Its boundaries remained among the most consistent of the Yugoslavian states as administrative regions of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires. Bosnia did have a history, but what it lacked was an ethnic or religious majority. Instead, it was a multi-cultural and relatively peaceful state. Bosnia was not torn apart by millennia-old religious or ethnic conflict, but by politics and modern tensions. Western bodies believed the myths (many spread by Serbia) and abandoned many in Bosnia to their fate. Western Lack of Intervention The wars in the former Yugoslavia could have proved even more embarrassing for  NATO, the UN, and the leading western nations like the U.K., U.S., and France, had the media chosen to report it as such. Atrocities were reported in 1992, but peacekeeping forces- which were undersupplied and given no powers- as well as a no-fly zone and an arms embargo which favored the Serbs, did little to stop the war or the genocide. In one dark incident, 7,000 males were killed in Srebrenica as UN Peacekeepers looked on unable to act. Western views on the wars were too often based on misreadings of ethnic tensions and Serbian propaganda. Conclusion The wars in the former Yugoslavia appear to be over for now. Nobody won, as the result was a redrawing of the ethnic map through fear and violence. All peoples- Croat, Muslim, Serb and others- saw centuries-old communities permanently erased through murder and the threat of murder, leading to states which were more ethnically homogenous but tainted by guilt. This may have pleased top players like Croat leader Tudjman, but it destroyed hundreds of thousands of lives. All 161 people charged by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for  war crimes  have now been arrested.

Answer the questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Answer the questions - Case Study Example Failure to pay taxes by Bill is also essential to this lawsuit. Overstatement of net annual profits by Sam is also fraudulent. Failure to disclose true and fair view information of the restaurant’s net profits creates a fine for Sam. Despite, the accountant disclosing the information on overstatement Bill still goes ahead to complete the sale indicating intention of hiding the improprieties by Sam (Hall, 2012). Sam can claim to have disclosed all information on the annual net profit of the restaurant through the brochure. Sam goes ahead to disclose the unreported cash transactions to Bill. Therefore, Bill is well aware of the nature of business and unpaid taxes. Bill goes ahead to accept and completes the sale. Making a net profit each year of a little less than $25,000 cannot be a basis to justify a breach of contract (Hall, 2012) Sam is liable for a fine for failure to report all transactions to IFS, which is fraudulent. Sam claims on breach of contract is invalid as he is well aware of the state of the restaurant dealings and attempts to cover the fraud (Hall,